Health Effects of 36 Commonly Used Lawn Pesticides
A Beyond Pesticides/NCAMP Fact Sheet |
||||||
Pesticide |
Cancer |
Reproductive
Effects |
Neurotoxicity |
Kidney / Liver
Damage |
Sensitizer /
Irritant |
Birth Defects |
Insecticides
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acephate |
C |
X[1] |
X2 |
|
X1 |
|
Bendiocarb |
|
|
X[2] |
|
X1 |
|
Carbaryl |
C |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
Chlorpyrifos |
|
X[3] |
X2 |
|
X1 |
X4 |
Diazinon |
|
X[4] |
X2 |
X5 |
X1 |
|
Dichlorvos |
C, 2B |
|
X2 |
X1 |
X1 |
|
Isazophos |
|
|
X |
|
X |
|
Isophenfos |
|
|
X2 |
|
X1 |
|
Malathion |
D |
|
X |
|
X |
X |
Methoxychlor |
D |
X |
|
|
X[5] |
|
Trichlorfon
|
|
X1 |
X2 |
X1 |
X1 |
X1 |
Herbicides
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Atrazine |
C, 2B |
|
X1 |
X1 |
X1 |
X[6] |
Benefin |
|
|
|
|
X |
|
Bensulide |
|
|
X3 |
X[7] |
X1 |
|
2,4-D |
X[8] |
X1 |
X1 |
X1 |
X1 |
X1 |
DSMA |
|
|
X[9] |
|
X7 |
|
Dacthal |
C |
|
|
X1 |
X3 |
|
Dicamba |
D |
X1 |
X1 |
X1 |
X1 |
|
Diphenamid |
|
X3 |
X3 |
X3 |
X3 |
X3 |
Endothall |
|
X1 |
|
X1 |
X1 |
|
Glyphosate |
|
X3 |
|
X1 |
X3 |
|
Isoxaben |
C |
|
|
X3 |
|
X3 |
MCPA |
|
X1 |
X1 |
|
X1 |
X1 |
MCPP |
|
X1 |
X[10] |
X1 |
X1 |
X1 |
MSMA |
|
|
X13 |
|
X13 |
|
Pendimethalin |
C |
X1 |
|
X1 |
X1 |
|
Pronamide |
B2 |
X3 |
|
X3 |
X1 |
|
Siduron |
|
|
|
|
X13 |
|
Trifluralin |
C |
X1 |
|
X1 |
X3 |
|
Fungicides |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Benomyl |
C |
X[11] |
X5 |
X1 |
X1 |
X14 |
Chlorothalonil |
X[12] |
X3 |
X5 |
X1 |
X3 |
|
Maneb |
B2 |
X1 |
X1 |
X1 |
X1 |
X1 |
PCNB |
C |
|
|
X1 |
X1 |
X5 |
Sulfur |
|
|
|
|
X3 |
|
Triadimefon |
C |
X14 |
X5 |
X1 |
|
X14 |
Ziram |
|
X1 |
X1 |
|
X1 |
X1 |
TOTAL 14 probable/possible 21 24 22 34 15
B2 = EPA weight-of-evidence category, “probable human carcinogen, sufficient evidence in animals and inadequate or no evidence in humans.”
C = EPA weight-of-evidence category, “possible human carcinogen” rating.
D = EPA weight-of-evidence category, “not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity,” usually due to inadequate data.
2B = International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization (IARC) category, the agent (mixture) is possibly carcinogenic to humans.
X = Adverse effect demonstrated.
____________________________
[1] Extension Toxicology Network (EXTOXNET) Pesticide Information Profiles, ace.orst.edu/info/extoxnet/ghindex.html.
2 California Department of Pesticide Regulation.
3 EPA’s Office of Pesticide Program Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) Factsheet, www.epa.gov/oppsrrd1/REDs/.
4 EPA’s Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances,
Revised Risk Assessments on Chlorpyrifos (Released
5 Environmental Defense Fund, Scoreboard Database, www.scorecard.org/chemical-profiles/.
6 Farm Chemicals Handbook, 2000.
7 New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services, Hazardous Substances Factsheet.
8 Human Health Risk Assessment for Bensulide, EPA’s OPP Health Effects Division.
9 Based on National Cancer Institute epidemiological evidence.
10 Material Data Safety Sheet for DSMA, www.horizononline.com/MSDS_Sheets/195.txt.
11 National Library of Medicine, TOXNET, Hazardous Substances Database, http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/.
12 Classified under California Department of Pesticide Regulation’s Proposition 65.
15 EPA classifies chlorothalonil as a “Likely” carcinogen, under proposed EPA weight-of-evidence category, because the available tumor effects and other key data are adequate to convincingly demonstrate carcinogenic potential for humans.
[1] Extension Toxicology Network (EXTOXNET) Pesticide Information Profiles, ace.orst.edu/info/extoxnet/ghindex.html.
[2] California Department of Pesticide Regulation.
[3] EPA’s Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances,
Revised Risk Assessments on Chlorpyrifos (Released
[4] Environmental Defense Fund, Scoreboard Database, www.scorecard.org/chemical-profiles/.
[5] Farm Chemicals Handbook, 2000.
[6] New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services, Hazardous Substances Factsheet.
[7] Human Health Risk Assessment for Bensulide, EPA’s OPP Health Effects Division.
[9] Material Data Safety Sheet for DSMA, www.horizononline.com/MSDS_Sheets/195.txt.
[10] National Library of Medicine, TOXNET, Hazardous Substances Database, http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/.
[11] Classified under California Department of Pesticide Regulation’s Proposition 65.