Health Effects of 36 Commonly Used Lawn Pesticides

A Beyond Pesticides/NCAMP Fact Sheet

 

Pesticide

Cancer

Reproductive Effects

Neurotoxicity

Kidney / Liver Damage

Sensitizer / Irritant

Birth Defects

Insecticides

 

 

 

 

 

 

Acephate

C

X[1]

X2

 

X1

 

Bendiocarb

 

 

X[2]

 

X1

 

Carbaryl

C

X

X

X

X

X

Chlorpyrifos

 

X[3]

X2

 

X1

X4

Diazinon

 

X[4]

X2

X5

X1

 

Dichlorvos

C, 2B

 

X2

X1

X1

 

Isazophos

 

 

X

 

X

 

Isophenfos

 

 

X2

 

X1

 

Malathion

D

 

X

 

X

X

Methoxychlor

D

X

 

 

X[5]

 

Trichlorfon

 

X1

X2

X1

X1

X1

Herbicides

 

 

 

 

 

 

Atrazine

C, 2B

 

X1

X1

X1

X[6]

Benefin

 

 

 

 

X

 

Bensulide

 

 

X3

X[7]

X1

 

2,4-D

X[8]

X1

X1

X1

X1

X1

DSMA

 

 

X[9]

 

X7

 

Dacthal

C

 

 

X1

X3

 

Dicamba

D

X1

X1

X1

X1

 

Diphenamid

 

X3

X3

X3

X3

X3

Endothall

 

X1

 

X1

X1

 

Glyphosate

 

X3

 

X1

X3

 

Isoxaben

C

 

 

X3

 

X3

MCPA

 

X1

X1

 

X1

X1

MCPP

 

X1

X[10]

X1

X1

X1

MSMA

 

 

X13

 

X13

 

Pendimethalin

C

X1

 

X1

X1

 

Pronamide

B2

X3

 

X3

X1

 

Siduron

 

 

 

 

X13

 

Trifluralin

C

X1

 

X1

X3

 

Fungicides

 

 

 

 

 

 

Benomyl

C

X[11]

X5

X1

X1

X14

Chlorothalonil

X[12]

X3

X5

X1

X3

 

Maneb

B2

X1

X1

X1

X1

X1

PCNB

C

 

 

X1

X1

X5

Sulfur

 

 

 

 

X3

 

Triadimefon

C

X14

X5

X1

 

X14

Ziram

 

X1

X1

 

X1

X1

 

 

TOTAL                                  14 probable/possible                          21                            24                             22                           34                           15

    

 

B2 = EPA weight-of-evidence category, “probable human carcinogen, sufficient evidence in animals and inadequate or no evidence in humans.”

C   = EPA weight-of-evidence category, “possible human carcinogen” rating.

D   = EPA weight-of-evidence category, “not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity,” usually due to inadequate data.

2B = International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization (IARC) category, the agent (mixture) is possibly carcinogenic to humans.

X  = Adverse effect demonstrated.

____________________________

 

[1] Extension Toxicology Network (EXTOXNET) Pesticide Information Profiles, ace.orst.edu/info/extoxnet/ghindex.html.

2 California Department of Pesticide Regulation.

3 EPA’s Office of Pesticide Program Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) Factsheet, www.epa.gov/oppsrrd1/REDs/.

4 EPA’s Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, Revised Risk Assessments on Chlorpyrifos (Released 8/16/00).

5 Environmental Defense Fund, Scoreboard Database, www.scorecard.org/chemical-profiles/.

6 Farm Chemicals Handbook, 2000.

7 New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services, Hazardous Substances Factsheet.

8 Human Health Risk Assessment for Bensulide, EPA’s OPP Health Effects Division.

9 Based on National Cancer Institute epidemiological evidence.

10 Material Data Safety Sheet for DSMA, www.horizononline.com/MSDS_Sheets/195.txt.

11 National Library of Medicine, TOXNET, Hazardous Substances Database, http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/.

12 Classified under California Department of Pesticide Regulation’s Proposition 65.

15 EPA classifies chlorothalonil as a “Likely” carcinogen, under proposed EPA weight-of-evidence category, because the available tumor effects and other key data are adequate to convincingly demonstrate carcinogenic potential for humans.

 



[1] Extension Toxicology Network (EXTOXNET) Pesticide Information Profiles, ace.orst.edu/info/extoxnet/ghindex.html.

[2] California Department of Pesticide Regulation.

[3] EPA’s Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, Revised Risk Assessments on Chlorpyrifos (Released 8/16/00).

[4] Environmental Defense Fund, Scoreboard Database, www.scorecard.org/chemical-profiles/.

[5] Farm Chemicals Handbook, 2000.

[6] New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services, Hazardous Substances Factsheet.

[7] Human Health Risk Assessment for Bensulide, EPA’s OPP Health Effects Division.

9 Based on National Cancer Institute epidemiological evidence.

[9] Material Data Safety Sheet for DSMA, www.horizononline.com/MSDS_Sheets/195.txt.

[10] National Library of Medicine, TOXNET, Hazardous Substances Database, http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/.

[11] Classified under California Department of Pesticide Regulation’s Proposition 65.

15 EPA classifies chlorothalonil as a “Likely” carcinogen, under proposed EPA weight-of-evidence category, because the available tumor effects and other key data are adequate to convincingly demonstrate carcinogenic potential for humans.